Abstract: Objective To understand the infection status of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and related disease burden in Qingpu district of Shanghai. Methods From January 2015 to December 2016, all the cases of suspected bacterial diarrhea at the first visit in a class Ⅲ hospital of Qingpu were selected as study subjects and their stool samples were collected for intestinal multiple-pathogen separation. For the patients diagnosed with foodborne diarrhea caused by V. parahaemolyticus, household surveys were made to understand their medical costs. Results Among the 6 129 cases of diarrhea, 1 092 (17.82%) were diagnosed with bacterial diarrhea, and V. parahaemolyticus was detected from 646 cases (10.54%). Of these 646 cases, 578 were single infections (9.43%) and 68 were mixed infections (1.10%). Thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh) was found to be carried by 95.5% of the V. parahaemolyticus strains. The peak of the diarrhea was from July to August, and the cases mainly occurred in those aged 40-60 years and farmers. Mixed infection was commonly caused by V. parahaemolyticus and salmonella, and its fever rate showed statistical significance compared with single infection (2=8.003, P0.05). The direct medical expenditure of V. parahaemolyticus infection cases was (338.75 191.45) yuan (RMB), the direct non-medical expenditure was (59.83 74.94) yuan (RMB). Both the direct and indirect expenditures were higher in rural area than in urban area (P0.05). Antibiotics were widely used in the treatment, and the medical expenditure in group using antibiotics was higher than that in group using no antibiotics (t=2.531, P0.05). Conclusion The research showed that V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea has mild symptom but high incidence, and there were some cases of mixed infection. Compared with urban citizens, farmers suffered heavier disease burden. It is therefore suggested to enhance healthcare education, and promote nearby and optimized medical treatment to reduce the medical expenditures.