Abstract: The study was conducted to review a variety of publications on the nosocomial infections surveillance and relevant issues including its definition, purposes, technologies and methods in order to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the hospital acquired infection surveillance. It was found that when the results of systematic analysis of surveillance data collected consecutively could be promptly presented to the pertinent department, nosocomial infections were effectively prevented and controlled. Therefore, hospital surveillance, which contributes to the hospital quality, should be the key to the prevention and control of nosocomial infections.