梁旭东, 于德山, 吕卫民, 王占忠. 炭疽防控存在的问题及对策建议[J]. 疾病监测, 2017, 32(4): 278-281. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2017.04.006
引用本文: 梁旭东, 于德山, 吕卫民, 王占忠. 炭疽防控存在的问题及对策建议[J]. 疾病监测, 2017, 32(4): 278-281. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2017.04.006
LIANG Xu-dong, YU De-shan, LYU Wei-min, WANG Zhan-zhong. Challenges in anthrax prevention/control and improvement suggestion[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2017, 32(4): 278-281. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2017.04.006
Citation: LIANG Xu-dong, YU De-shan, LYU Wei-min, WANG Zhan-zhong. Challenges in anthrax prevention/control and improvement suggestion[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2017, 32(4): 278-281. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2017.04.006

炭疽防控存在的问题及对策建议

Challenges in anthrax prevention/control and improvement suggestion

  • 摘要: 针对当前我国炭疽防控中存在的问题,为进一步做好我国炭疽防制提供启示和对策建议。选择2015年全国炭疽报告病例数最高的甘肃省甘南藏族自治州玛曲县炭疽监测点为调查对象,对该地区炭疽的疫情报告和工作情况进行调查分析。调查结果表明,尽管目前我国炭疽的防控工作取得了一定成效,但仍然存在不足。特别是在疫情报告上,现行炭疽监测指导性文件中的部分要求与基层实际情况存在偏差,炭疽诊断标准规定的指标是要求确诊病例分离到病原菌,但实际上基层采集样本的病原阳性检出率极低,致使炭疽疫情报告存在错报和漏报现象;在疫情监测上,基层防疫单位工作条件艰苦和技术力量薄弱,导致工作松懈和效率不高;在疫情处置上,缺乏人与动物疫控系统的联动机制,致使发生的多数疫点未得到彻底处理,造成了新老疫点交替发病的恶性循环。综上所述,特别提出建议,首先继续加强炭疽知识的宣传教育,提高群众的防病意识;其次从修订炭疽监测方案入手,使其更加科学化,根据炭疽临床表现的典型特征和有明确接触史的流行病学调查基本可以确诊为临床诊断病例,建议将疑似病例报告归入临床诊断病例报告,可能更符合基层工作实际现状和疫情报告管理;最后充分落实畜间预防接种等保护措施,建立健全人与动物疫控系统的信息互通渠道,并切实加强基层实验室技术能力的建设和提高基层防疫人员的待遇。

     

    Abstract: To understand the current status of anthrax prevention and control in China. We carried out an investigation on case reporting and data collection of anthrax in Gannan prefecture, Gansu province, where the reported case number of anthrax was highest in China in 2015. Problems in anthrax surveillance were found. First, the current anthrax surveillance guidelines are not feasible. The diagnostic parameters are unreasonable, resulting in misdiagnosis of some anthrax cases. Second, the detection techniques of local hospitals are limited. Also there is a shortage of professional personnel, and their social benefit is less decent, which partially causes the low efficiency. Third, the epidemic sites were not treated thoroughly due to the unsatisfied collaboration between veterinary and public health departments, resulting in a vicious circle of new and old epidemic. It is suggested to strengthen the health education about anthrax to improve the public's awareness of related knowledge, revise the anthrax surveillance standards and cancel the reporting of suspected cases in surveillance. Furthermore, the implementation of preventive vaccination and other interventions should be strengthened, the share of information between veterinary and public health departments needs to improved, and the training of local professional staff and improvement of their social benefits would facilitate the surveillance and treatment of anthrax.

     

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