Abstract: Objective To understand the distribution of nosocomial infections, pathogen detection, drug resistance of pathogens and antibiotic use in hospitals, and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of nosocomial infection. Methods By means of reviewing medical record through real time nosocomial infection surveillance system and bedside interview to investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infection, the hospitalized patients in Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine on 27 October,2016 were surveyed. Results A total of 951 patients were surveyed, 36 nosocomial infections was found (3.79%), and 42 cases/times of nosocomial infection were found (4.42%). The first five departments with high incidence of nosocomial infection were ICU, geriatrics department, respiratory department, neurosurgery department and neurology department. The main infection site was lower respiratory tract, accounting for 47.62%. A total of 31 pathogenic strains were detected, the first three pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli. The antibiotic use rate was 44.90% and the pathogen detection rate before antibiotic treatment was 40.07%. Conclusion With the rapid development of hospital information construction, the prevalence of nosocomial infection can be surveyed by using real time nosocomial infection surveillance system, which could improve the efficiency and accuracy of nosocomial infection surveillance compared with traditional manual survey and provide evidence for the effective targeted surveillance for nosocomial infection.