马超, 郝利新, 苏琪茹, 温宁, 樊春祥, 杨宏, 李黎, 王华庆. 中国2014年麻疹流行病学特征分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2015, 30(10): 818-823. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2015.10.006
引用本文: 马超, 郝利新, 苏琪茹, 温宁, 樊春祥, 杨宏, 李黎, 王华庆. 中国2014年麻疹流行病学特征分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2015, 30(10): 818-823. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2015.10.006
MA Chao, HAO Li-xin, SU Qi-ru, WEN Ning, FAN Chun-xiang, YANG Hong, LI Li, WANG Hua-qing. Measles epidemiology in China,2014[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2015, 30(10): 818-823. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2015.10.006
Citation: MA Chao, HAO Li-xin, SU Qi-ru, WEN Ning, FAN Chun-xiang, YANG Hong, LI Li, WANG Hua-qing. Measles epidemiology in China,2014[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2015, 30(10): 818-823. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2015.10.006

中国2014年麻疹流行病学特征分析

Measles epidemiology in China,2014

  • 摘要: 目的 分析全国2014年麻疹流行病学特征,为消除麻疹提供参考。方法 对全国麻疹监测信息报告管理系统报告的麻疹病例个案数据进行描述流行病学分析。结果 全国2014年报告病例数为52 628例(死亡28例),报告发病率为3.88/10万。全年以3-5月为报告发病季节高峰。东部9省报告发病率最高(5.22/10万),其次为西部12省(3.47/10万)、中部地区10省(2.96/10万)。年龄别发病率以5岁儿童最高(34.02/10万),其次依次为25~29岁(5.05/10万)、30~34岁(4.90/10万)、35~39岁(3.37/10万)、5~9岁(2.77/10万)、40~44岁(2.75/10万)、20~24岁组(2.61/10万)。全年8月龄、8月龄至1岁、2~4岁、5~19岁、20岁病例分别占21.27%、22.66%、6.75%、6.54%、42.78%。天津、上海、北京等10个省20岁病例占比50%,而西藏、四川、山西等7个省8月龄至19岁病例占比50%。全国11 928例8月龄至1岁麻疹病例中,70.86%无含麻疹成分疫苗(measles containing vaccine,MCV)免疫史,3552例2~4岁病例无MCV免疫史的比例为48.51%。全国2014年报告麻疹突发公共卫生事件18起、报告病例数2例的麻疹暴发疫情286起。结论 近年中国麻疹疫情回升,麻疹仍呈周期性流行,消除麻疹仍有很大挑战。不同省份麻疹发病水平和年龄分布差异较大。要实现消除麻疹,需要根据麻疹流行病学特点、尤其是麻疹病例年龄分布特征,有针对性地采取策略与措施。

     

    Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of measles and summarize progress towards measles elimination in China in 2014.Methods Descriptive epidemiologic analysis was conducted by using the case based measles surveillance data in China.Results A total of 52 628 measles cases were reported in China in 2014,including 28 deaths. The overall incidence was 3.88/lakh. The incidence in eastern area was highest(5.22/lakh), followed by that in western area(3.47/lakh) and in central area(2.96/lakh). The age specific incidence was highest among children aged 5 years(34.02/lakh), followed by that in age group 25-29 years(5.05/lakh), in age group 30-34 years(4.90/lakh), in age group 35-39 years(3.37/lakh), in age group 5-9 years(2.77/lakh), in age group 40-44 years(2.75/lakh) and in age group 20-24 years(2.61/lakh). Among all the cases reported in 2014,21.27% were aged 8 months, 22.66% were aged 8-23 months, 6.75% were aged 2-4 years, 6.54% were aged 5-19 years, and 42.78% were aged 20 years. In Tianjin, Shanghai, Beijing, Jiangsu, Inner Mongolia, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Ningxia, Heilongjiang, and Fujian, the cases aged 20 years accounted for50% and in Tibet, Sichuan, Shanxi, Hunan, Guizhou, Henan and Chongqing, the cases aged 8 months-19 years accounted for50%. Among the 11 928 cases aged 8-23 months, 70.86% were unvaccinated, and 48.51% of the cases aged 2-4 years were unvaccinated. In 2014,18 measles-related public health emergencies and 286 measles outbreaks involving 2 cases were reported.Conclusion The resurgence of measles since 2013 posed challenge for measles elimination. Measles epidemiologic characteristics varied among the provinces, especially the age distribution of measles cases. To achieve the goal of measles elimination, additional efforts are still needed, and different strategies targeting different age groups should be considered.

     

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