Objective  To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients in Inner Mongolia autonomous region from 2011–2020 and provide basis for formulating pulmonary TB prevention and control measures.

  Methods  The information about the gender, age, occupation, source and treatment of the pulmonary TB patients in Inner Mongolia from 2011 to 2020 were collected from “Infectious Disease Surveillance System”.

  Results  The average annual registration rate of pulmonary TB cases in Inner Mongolia was 47.4/100 000 (118 599/250 122 000) during 2010–2020. The annual registration rates in different leagues or cities ranged from 17.5/100 000 to 110.9/100 000, The average annual registration rate declined from 67.5/100 000 in 2011 to 35.4/100 000 in 2020. In the pulmonary TB patients, 79 090 were men, and 39 509 were women, the gender ratio was 2∶1. The cases were mainly distributed in age group 45–64 years, accounting for 39.7%. Most pulmonary TB cases were farmers, accounting for 61.6%; The pulmonary TB cases was mainly detected in outpatients, accounting for 42.5%. The initial treated patients accounted for 91.8%, and the retreated patients accounted for 8.2%.

  Conclusion  The registration rate of pulmonary TB patients declined in Inner Mongolia during 2011–2020, and the registration rates varied obviously with areas, and prevention and control effort should be strengthened in areas with high incidence of pulmonary TB in Inner Mongolia.