2018－2019年江苏省病毒性腹泻病原谱构成及流行特征分析

陈强; 戚宇华; 冷红英; 吴昀; 郭宏雄

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202112130639

2018－2019年江苏省病毒性腹泻病原谱构成及流行特征分析

Pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea in Jiangsu

摘要

摘要:
目的了解2018—2019年江苏省病毒性腹泻的病原谱和流行特征，以更好地为病毒性腹泻的科学防控和临床治疗提供数据支撑。
方法收集2018年11月至2019年10月江苏省哨点医院肠道门诊所有腹泻病例的新鲜粪便标本进行病毒核酸检测，使用χ²检验对标本阳性率结果进行统计分析。
结果共收集2 486例腹泻病例，其中633份样本病毒核酸检测阳性，检出率为25.46%。所有阳性样本中，诺如病毒和轮状病毒的占比分别为32.07%和25.43%，合计占比超过50%。感染性腹泻高发年龄为3～5岁（29.04%），高发季节为夏季（28.59%）和秋季（27.18%），外来人群的病毒检出率（45.76%）高于本地人群（23.33%）（χ²=56.618，P<0.001）。
结论建议将0～5岁学龄前儿童作为病毒性腹泻防控的重点人群，同时加强夏秋季节的病毒性腹泻防控工作，并扩大针对外来流动人口的健康宣教力度。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea cases in Jiangsu province from 2018 to 2019 and provide data support for the effective prevention and control and clinical treatment of infectious diarrhea.
Methods Stool samples were collected from all diarrhea cases in sentinel hospitals in Jiangsu from November 2018 to October 2019 for viral nucleic acid detection, and the results were analyzed by χ² test.
Results In 2 486 diarrhea cases, 633 samples were positive in the viral nucleic acid test (25.46%). Norovirus and rotavirus were detected in 32.07% and 25.43% of all positive samples, respectively, accounting for more than half of the total. The highest incidence rate of infectious diarrhea was found in children under 5 years old (29.04%). The seasons with the highest positive rates were Summer (28.59%) and Autumn (27.18%). The virus positive rate in floating population (45.76%) was much higher than that in local residents (23.33%) (χ²=56.618, P<0.001).
Conclusion It is suggested that preschool children should be regarded as the key population for the prevention and control of viral diarrhea, the prevention and control of viral diarrhea should be strengthened in Summer and Autumn, and the coverage of health education for floating population should be expanded.

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