郭黎, 蔡伟, 邵云平. 2019-2020年北京市海淀区中小学校食堂厨工诺如病毒隐性感染和聚集性疫情分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2022, 37(3): 352-355. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202106210347
引用本文: 郭黎, 蔡伟, 邵云平. 2019-2020年北京市海淀区中小学校食堂厨工诺如病毒隐性感染和聚集性疫情分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2022, 37(3): 352-355. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202106210347
Guo Li, Cai Wei, Shao Yunping. Investigation of latent infection of norovirus in canteen workers in primary and secondary schools in Haidian district, Beijing, 2019–2020[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2022, 37(3): 352-355. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202106210347
Citation: Guo Li, Cai Wei, Shao Yunping. Investigation of latent infection of norovirus in canteen workers in primary and secondary schools in Haidian district, Beijing, 2019–2020[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2022, 37(3): 352-355. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202106210347

2019-2020年北京市海淀区中小学校食堂厨工诺如病毒隐性感染和聚集性疫情分析

Investigation of latent infection of norovirus in canteen workers in primary and secondary schools in Haidian district, Beijing, 2019–2020

  • 摘要:
      目的  了解2019—2020年北京市海淀区中小学校食堂厨工诺如病毒隐性感染情况,结合同时期中小学校食堂厨工隐性感染诺如病毒的聚集性疫情流行病学特征,分析诺如病毒感染的影响因素,为有效防止疫情发生提供科学依据。
      方法  采取分层抽样和横断面调查方法,采集中小学校食堂厨工粪便标本或肛拭子进行诺如病毒核酸检测,同时采用问卷调查法收集食堂厨工个人基本信息和对诺如病毒的认知情况,根据检测结果进行统计学分析,并对中小学校食堂厨工隐性感染诺如病毒的疫情进行统计学分析,分析感染影响因素。
      结果  共有30家中小学校的785名食堂厨工参与本次调查和采样,问卷回收有效率94.27%(740/777)。 标本诺如病毒核酸阳性检出率0.27%(2/740);阳性组和阴性组在性别、年龄、文化水平、诺如病毒检测阳性时间、进入食品操作间之前是否更换工作服、佩戴一次性口罩、是否洗手、饭前便后是否洗手、是否爱吃生冷海鲜产品、诺如病毒是否具有传染性的认知情况、出现呕吐、腹泻等急性胃肠炎不适症状是否去医院就诊,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);出现呕吐、腹泻等急性胃肠炎不适症状是否及时上报食堂管理者,差异有统计学意义(χ2=27.044,P<0.05)。 中小学校因食堂厨工隐性感染诺如病毒的疫情发病率与非食堂厨工感染的疫情发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2= 17.122,P<0.05),疫情单位标本阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=61.750,P<0.05)。
      结论  海淀区中小学校食堂厨工诺如病毒隐性感染率为0.27%,诺如病毒感染在流行期存在引起聚集性疫情发生危险,应加强食堂厨工诺如病毒防控知识的培训,提高警惕性,做好健康监测,出现胃肠道不适症状及时上报并暂时脱岗隔离;在诺如病毒流行高发期,定期对食堂厨工采样检测,严格落实阳性检测者隔离措施,有效防止疫情发生和蔓延。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  To understand the latent infection status of norovirus and the incidence of norovirus infection in canteen workers in primary and secondary schools in Haidian district of Beijing from 2019 to 2020, analyze the influencing factors of norovirus infection and provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of norovirus infection.
      Methods  Stratified sampling and cross-sectional survey were used to collect stool samples or anal swabs of canteen workers in primary and secondary schools for norovirus nucleic acid detection. At the same time, questionnaire survey was used to collect personal basic information and awareness of norovirus of the canteen workers. The latent infection status of norovirus in the canteen workers from 2019 to 2020 was statistically analyzed, and the influencing factors of the infection were further analyzed.
      Results  A total of 785 canteen workers from 30 primary and secondary schools participated in the survey. A total of 785 questionnaires were delivered, 777 were returned, in which 740 were valid (94.27%). Two norovirus nucleic acid positive samples were detected in 740 samples (0.27%). Through statistical analysis, there were no significant differences in gender, age, education level, norovirus positive time, working clothes wearing, disposable mask wearing, hand washing before entering the food operation room, hand washing before meals, raw and cold seafood product eating, and hand washing after defecation, awareness of the risk of norovirus and medical care seeking due to acute gastroenteritis between positive group and negative group (P>0.05). There was significant difference in timely reporting acute gastroenteritis symptoms, such as vomiting and diarrhea, to canteen managers between positive group and negative group (χ2=27.044, P<0.05). The difference in incidence rate of norovirus infection between the canteen workers and non-canteen workers was significant (χ2=17.122, P<0.05). The differences in positive rate among schools reporting epidemics were significant (χ2=61.750, P<0.05).
      Conclusion  The latent infection rate of norovirus in canteen workers in primary and secondary schools in Haidian district was 0.27%, indicating the risk of the epidemic caused by norovirus infection. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the health education about norovirus infection prevention and health status monitoring in canteen workers, the timely reporting and isolation of the cases with gastrointestinal symptoms. In the period with high incidence of norovirus infection, regular sampling detection should be conducted in canteen workers, and strict isolation measures of positive cases should be implemented to effectively prevent the incidence and spread of norovirus infection.

     

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