Objective  To explore the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Jiangxi province, analyze its future trend and provide evidence for risk assessment and response of public health emergencies in Jiangxi.

  Methods  The incidence data of public health emergencies in Jiangxi from 2004 to 2019 were collected from the public health emergency information management sub-system of national disease prevention and control information system with Excel, and software SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis.

  Results  From 2004 to 2019, a total of 574 public health emergencies were reported in Jiangxi, of which 329 (57.32%) belonged to grade Ⅳ or above. The main types of public health were infectious diseases epidemics (346, 60.28%), food poisoning (119, 20.73%) and air pollution (71, 12.37%). The incidence peaks of infectious disease epidemics were during April-June and during September-December. The incidence peak of food poisoning was during June-September, The events caused by environmental factors mainly occurred during January-February and in December. Schools and families were key places where public health emergency is prone to occur; Food poisoning was the main cause of death, resulting in 84 deaths (58.74%).

  Conclusion  The public health emergencies occurred in Jiangxi were mainly infectious diseases epidemics and food poisoning, and schools and families were the main places. Food poisoning was the main cause of death. It is necessary to pay close attention to the emerging infectious diseases and imported infectious diseases.