Abstract: In order to discuss the possibility and measurements of neonatal immunization of HBV vaccine in rural Areas , a pilot project at selected points in Chongquin Connty of Sichuan Province , Antu County of Jilin Province and Zhongwei County of Nixian Austnomous Region was carried out during July 1993 to Feburary 1994. The result showed that the coverage rates of neonatal immunization of HBV in rural areas were sharply increaced by propaganda on the object and knowledge of HBV vaccination using various tools via various routes. The coverage rate in neonatal population of HBV was increaced to 84.9% (P0.01) while the coverage rate was 33. 4% prior vaccination. The economic problem was the major cause of unvaccination.