Abstract: ABSTRACT An epidemiological investigation of Anthrax and the aetlological surveil-lance．was conducted during 1991 to 1994 in the surveillance spot of Anthrax in jianli county of Hubei province．It indicated that there were three times epidemic of Anthrax in Jianli coun-ty in the above years．Thetotal number of patients were 19，two ofthemwere died．The aver-age of annual mobidity rate was 0.35/10，0000 and the average of annual fatality rate was 10．53％．The epidemic season was during June to August，in which the highest was in July．The major infectious route was to kill and dissect dead or sick animals．81.21％of the patientswere infected via this route．,The infectious source was dead or sick cattle．Eighty four sample were collected for actiological surveillance．Nine positive strains were isolated．The total posi-tire rate was 10.71％．The positive rate，in the soil and water were 11.33％and 7.14％re-spectively．