Abstract: Objective To evaluate the changes of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in blood serum of newborn babies in Daxing District after being inoculated with Hepatitis B vaccine. Methods To analyze the report data of Hepatitis B epidemic situation after inoculation and adopt multistage cluster random sampling to carry out cross-sectional investigation on 3-12 years old children in this district, and collect serum samples to determine surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibody (HBsAb) and core antibody (HBcAb) in blood serum using solid radio-immunologicalassay. Results A total of 435 children at 3-12 years old were investigated,within which one had positive HBsAg (the positive rate was 0.2%); one had positive HBcAb (the positive rate was 0.2%); 202 children had positive HBsAb with a positive rate of 46.4% and genoetric mean titer (GMT) at 72.5%. After the newborn were inoculated with Hepatitis B vaccine,the morbidity of Hepatitis B decreased from 11.2/lakh-22.9/lakh to 0.4/lakh and the rate of carrying surface antigen declined from 3.2% to 0.2% to an extent of about 92.8%. Conclusion Inoculation for newborn babies with Hepatitis B vaccine was an effective approach to prevent and control HBV infection.