Abstract: Objective To study the infection status and epidemic factors of HIV among children aged 0-7 years in a county of Henan province. Methods Two thousands children aged 0-7 years in 30 villages of 7 townships were selected through two - stage samplimg (stratified sampling and cluster sampling) in the study. The antibody tests of HIV for the children were taken, and the related health questionnaires were achieved.Results Among the 991 children coming from the areas of AIDS high prevalence, 31 children were infected by HIV with the infection rate 3.13%(31/991),and 195 children's mothers were infected too,26 children of whom were HIV infectors and none had the history of blood reception,with infection rate of moth-er-to-child tramsmission 13.33%(26/195).In addition,the rate of 2,000 children's in-hospital and out - hospital childbirth was 54.15% and 45.85%,respectively.Conclusion The HIV infectors were distribut-ed locally in the country.The children aged 0-7 years in the areas of AIDS high prevalence presented a high-er level for HIV infection.