Abstract: Objective The purpose of this investigation on the current status of dystrophia and anemia among primary and middle-school students of Huai’an County was to provide basis for the implemerita- tion of sanitary work in schools. Methods Invegtigation on health conditions of 10 063 primary and middle-school students aged between 6 and 17 in Huai’an County was carried out using cluster random sampling. Results 3 408 students who had dystrophia were detected．With a rate of 33.87％;1 570 students with anemia were detected and the rate was 15.60％，of which there were 1 639 males with dystrophia，accounting for 30.82％ and 759 males with anemia，accounring for 14.27％；1769 females had dystrophia．With a rate of 37.28％ and 81 l had anemia，with a rflte of 17.09％. Conclusion Both ratcs of dystrophia and anemia among primary and middle-school students of Huai’an County are higher than the average level of the whole province，which deserves special attention.