Abstract: Objective This investigation was conducted to better understand the status quo of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance throngh analysis of a case of the disease Methods Acocrding to the re quirements laid down in the Emergency Management Plan for Poliomyelitis，field epidemiological investi gation was conducted into the hislory of poliomyeitis vaccination，pathogenic process，treatment and other aspects of the AFP case And the inoculation rate of polio vaccine and AFP cases near the residence of the case and the AFP cases managed in the county hospitals were surveyed Results A case of acute flaccid paralysis in Duanji township of Gusi county was reported in June it turned out that the child was of zero immunization The child，who manifested total paralysis of lower limbs，was given a diagnosis of type II poliomyelitis vaccine variant by the National aid provincial expert panels of diagnosis for AFP classification it was found that the rate of over-3-times OPV inoculation among the children under 5 yeas of age around this case was only 32.26％. Children having zero prior OPV doses accounted for 16.13％。Conclusion it is seen that there exist problems to be urgently solved such as chaotic manage ment of scheduled immmunizations，insensitive disease surveillance system，presence of non-immunized population Increasing the rate of OPV immunization is an effective measure to protect children from wild poliomyeitis virus and vaccine variants