Abstract: Objective The study aimed to evaluate the ability of community monitoring and early—warning system for infectious diseases and the level of perceiving of the pubfic in Kashgar Region of Xinjiang for early recognition of the infectious disease，as well as timely reporting and handling．Methods The qualitative analysis and evaluation were carried out by collecting existing information，organizing personal interviews with members of the institutes and interviews with the special groups of students and residents，together with obtaining information through rapid evalua- tion，such as on-site observation etc．Results Preliminary monitoring and reporting system for the epidemic situation has been established for the healthcare systems at levels of county and vii- lage．Favorable department collaboration，information communication and emergency system have been established for dealing with sudden epidemic situations，such as avian influenza．The capabili- ty for early recognition，timely reporting and handling of infectious diseases was low relatively at the community level，which was characterized by the follows：doctors in the village health center were lacking in enough alert to avian influenza epidemic and in understanding of the diagnostic criteria，as well as in the skill of making rapid diagnosis and handling to the diseases according to the existing clinical and epidemic historical data；the schools lacked the mechanism of recognition，