2000～2004年汕头市新生儿破伤风流行病学和影响因素分析
Epidemiological and affecting factors analysis on neonatal tetanus in Shantou City from 2000 to 2004
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摘要: 目的了解新生儿破伤风(NT)的流行病学情况及影响因素,为制定预防控制策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学分析方法。结果2000～2004年汕头市NT年报告发病率为0.23‰～0.38‰,病死率4.67%。发病率在WHO提出的消除NT目标(<1‰)水平以下。发病年龄以出生4～9d为多(占84.11%)。病例中92.52%为在家分娩的新生儿。55.14%的病例是流动人口,44.86%为常住人口,流动人口NT发病率(3.11‰)显著高于常住人口NT发病率(0.14‰)(P<0.001)。男婴发病率(0.43‰)显著高于女婴发病率(0.14‰)(P<0.001)。病例发生与地区传统风俗和产妇经济水平有关。结论采取必要的健康教育干预,降低住院收费,提高住院分娩率和严格实施接生过程消毒是降低NT发病的重要措施。Abstract: Objective this study was conducted to understand the epidemiological situation and influence factors of neonatal tetanus (NT)，and provide a scientific evidence for formulation of prevention and control strategy．Methods A method of descriptive epidemiological analysis was adopted Results The annual reported incidence rate of NT was 0．23‰-0.38‰ with fatality rate 4．67％from 2000 to 2004 in Shantou．The incidence rate was lower than the aimed level (pp<0.001)．The incidence was related to Iocal conventional custom and economic condition of mothers Conclusion Adopting necessary interference of health education，decreasing charge of hospitalization, advancing the rate of delivery in hospital，mand strictly performing disinfection during delivery process are all important measures for reducing incidence of NT．
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