Abstract: Objective This analysis was made to gain insight into the epidemic characteristics of children with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in order to provide the basis for effective prevention and treatment. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was adopted for analysis in hospitalized children patients with pneumonia from November 2005 to January 2006. Results 204 of all 386 hospitalized patients were diagnosed by direct immunofluorescence etiologic assay. 3 cases were adenovirus antigen- positive, accounting for 1.47%; 3 cases were influenza A virus antigen- positive, accounting for 1.47%; 198 cases were respiratory syncytial virus antigen- positive, accounting for 97.05%. Children younger than 1 accounted for 64.14%; the proportion of male to female was 2∶1. There was no obvious aggregation. Conclusion Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia was seen frequently among children in winter and spring. Hence, the monitoring and control should be strengthened.