Abstract: Objective The study was conducted to investigate the morbidity and epidemiological characteristics of the nosocomial infection,providing reference for diagnosis and control of the epidemic.Methods On-the-spot epidemiological investigation was used to investigate the field and the morbidity of the disease and analyze the epidemiological characteristics.Results From May 26, 2007 to June 11,69 patients were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)in the Central Hospital in Xinyang City.There were 18 cases of nosocomial infection,the incidence being 26.09%, which was of no significant difference between men and women.Diarrhea was the major symptom, with yellow or yellow-green mucous stool observed.Klebsiella pneumoniae was detected from five samples out of six.The source of infection was the receptacles.The route of transmission was contact. The latent period was 3 to 5 days,and the third generation of cephalosporins was effective against the disease.Conclusion The epidemic was an outbreak of infectious diarrhea among perinatal children caused by Klebsiella pneurnoniae,which was of nosocomial infection.