Abstract: Objective The present study was performed to get an insight into the AIDS-related knowledge and risk behaviors of community residents. Methods By random sampling, 604 male community residents aged 18-49 in Midu County of Dali Prefecture were one-on-one surveyed at home. Results The average recognition rate of AIDS-related knowledge among the respondents was 42.22%. The complete correctness rate of 13 AIDS-related questions was averagely 18.05%. Most mistakes were found in the part of non-transmission routes and prevention. 8.62% and 4.43% of people had commercial or temporary sexual behavior over the past year, while the condom-use rates were 31.58%, 35.14%, respectively. Significant differences were found in the condom use rate with different types of sexual partners (P0.05). One who admitted homosexual behavior had never used condoms. 8.28% had voluntarily received HIV antibody testing, and knew the results. Conclusion The current AIDS-related knowledge of community residents was poor. There was a certain rate of temporary and commercial sex, albeit the condom usage rate was low. As comprehensive education and intervention were not spread, there was an urgent need of raising the intensity of education and control approaches.