Abstract: Objectives The survey was conducted to provide a rapid assessment of the incidence,diagnosis and treatment of acute upper respiratory infections and influenza (flu) among residents in Chongqing City around the New Year's Day of 2007, as well as the influenza vaccination in 2006.Methods Telephone survey interviews were randomly delivered to 936 usual residents from 300homes in 30 districts and counties of Chongqing City with designed unified questionnaires. ResultsThe attack rate of acute upper respiratory infections among the residents in Chongqing City from December 15, 2006 to January 14, 2007 was 16.3% (153/936). Family aggregation was observed.Significant differences between each age group were found (!2=19.4, P 0.05). The attack rate of influenza- like cases was 3.0%(28/936). The involved patients of acute upper respiratory infections chose mainly self- medication(68.0%), followed by attending to the hospital, which accounted for 38.6%(59/153), and visiting individual clinics, which accounted for 44.1% (26/59). Hospital treatment was themajor approach for influenza- like cases, albeit bringing heavier economic burden (H=19.2, P0.05).The coverage rate of influenza vaccine was 10.8% (101/936) among the residents in 2006 withsignificance between each age group (!2=64.7, P0.05). Conclusion The attack rate of acute upper respiratory infections among the residents of Chongqing City was high, whereas that of influenza- likeillness was low. Involved cases had mild symptoms. The coverage rate of influenza vaccination was low.