Abstract: Objective This study was conducted to find out the epidemiological characteristics of mumps, and provide a scientific basis for the control of mumps in Dongcheng District. Methods Epidemic data of mumps, including data of notifiable infectious disease reporting system, mumps monitoring system, epidemiological case investigat:ion and laboratory monitoring, were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Dongcheng District. Results A total of 159 cases of local mumps were reported in Dongcheng District from 2005 to 2006 with a mean incidence of 11.28/lakh per year. Most of the patients were at the age of 5-15, which accounted for 67.30% of total cases, and students accounted for 55.35%; the percentage of cases presented during March-May was 33.33%. Of all the cases, 50.31% had a history of mumps immunization. There was a significant difference in mumps incidence among those who had had MMR immunization less than 5 years, more than 5 years and those who never had the immunization. Conclusion It is of unneglectable importance of enhancing the MMR immunization timely at the same time when increasing the immunization rate for the prevntion and control of mumps.