Abstract: Objective The study was conduct to explore the epidemiological characteristics and alteration of cardiovascular diseases in Baoji. Methods Incidence and demographic data of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the 15 monitoring sites of chronic diseases in Baoji was collected, verified and epidemiologically analyzed. Results The incidence rank of cardiovascular diseases had inverted from sequentially stroke, coronary heart disease and hypertension in 1990's into hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke in the early 21st. Hypertension and coronary heart disease showed an upward trend, while stroke kept basically stable with slight decline. The incidence rate of hypertension in males (150.10/lakh) was lower than in females (179.84/ lakh) in Baoji in 2005; the incidence rate of coronary heart disease in males (139.54/lakh) was higher than in females (88.86/lakh); and the rate of stroke in males (80.06/lakh) was higher than in females (67.80/lakh). The incidence rate of hypertension and coronary heart diseases was higher in urban areas than rural, while The rate of stroke was higher rural than urban. Conclusion the prevention of cardiovascular disease in Baoji (western region) seemed to be an arduous task in the primary stage of economic-social transformation. Hypertension should be paid the highest attention to with integrated approaches for control and prevention.