Abstract: Objective The survey focused on three groups of AIDS high-risk population, drug addicts, female commercial sex workers and STD clinic outpatients, to ascertain the risk factors of their HIV infection. Method The HIV surveillance was carried out based upon the samples collected from drug rehabilitation centers, custodial institutions and medical institutions, behavioral factors comprehended through questionnaires. Results The HIV infection rate among 449 drug users was 2.00%, and the syphilis infection rate was 2.44%. A total of 66.36% of them injected drugs, of which 21.14% were sharing syringes; and 16.48% of them were sexually promiscuous. There were 2 HIV infected cases detected from 449 women commercial sex workers, the infection rate being 0.45%; 51.00% of them had never used or occasionally used condoms. There were 21 HIV infected cases detected from 8826 STD clinic outpatients, the infection rate being 0.24% and the STD infection rate being 43.27%; 55.90% of them had non-marital sexual partners. Conclusion The three groups have diverse high risks of HIV infection. It is necessary to increase the intensity of intervention.