Abstract: Objective　The study was conducted to analyze the results of the surveillance for influenza in Guangzhou, 2006, in order to provide evidence for the development of influenza prevention and control strategies. Methods　The virus was isolated using MDCK cells from the mouthwash or throat swab collected from influenza patients in the epidemic focus or suspected influenza-like ones from four sentinel hospitals in Guangzhou. Serum specimens were collected from an age-stratified random sample of people considered healthy through the examination in a particular sentinel hospital in March and October, respectively, with various types of antibodies detected using a micro hemagglutination inhibition test. Results　A total of 95 (8.31%) strains of influenza virus were isolated from 1143 samples collected from sentinel hospitals (80 strains of H1N1 type and 15 of B type). In the year of 2006, 146 outbreaks were reported, the attack rate being between 0.40% and 16.97%. The epidemic occurred mostly in March and April. Reports of influenza epidemic were found in all of the twelve districts in Guangzhou, which came wholly from the schools. Results of the two serological surveillances revealed no statistical difference between the serum levels of antibody H3N2, B (Victorian) and B (Panama), whereas the H1N1 antibody levels were higher in October than in March(sup2/sup=41.94,IP/I0.05). Conclusion　Influenza virus type A / H1N1 was the predominant pathogen in Guangzhou, 2006, leading to the epidemic outbreaks that peaked in March and April and was characterized by local endemics. Therefore, surveillance for influenza should be enhanced in schools and other gathering places. On the other hand, Influenza virus type B was considered as a potential source of endemic outbreaks.