Abstract: Objective　The study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of measles epidemic in Kashi, and identify the cause and evaluate the vaccination efficacy. Methods　Field investigation and case control survey were conducted to determine the epidemic distribution and epidemiological cause. Results An outbreak of measles occurred during January to March, 2008, involving the entire Kashi region with the incidence of 67.80/lakh and the mortality of 0.18/lakh. Conclusion　Nosocomial infection, close contact and non vaccination constituted the risk factors of measles epidemic.