Abstract: Objective　The present study was conducted to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the causes of death at Shaanxi provincial disease surveillance points, provide the scientific evidence for the local government departments to develop health plan and disease prevention and control strategies. Methods　Categorized by the International Classification of diseases ICD-10, data of deaths at five disease surveillance points of Shaanxi province in 2006 were statistically analyzed by age and gender, and standardized based on the national population in 2000 to calculate the rates of YPLL of various diseases. Results　The death rate of residents at the disease surveillance points of Shaanxi province was 507.83/lakh and the standardized rate was 850.90/lakh. Circulatory system diseases, tumors, respiratory diseases, injuries and poisoning were the top four causes of death of the residents at Shaanxi provincial diseases surveillance points, accounting for 86.87% of the overall causes of death. Conclusion　YPLL analysis showed that injuries, circulatory diseases and tumors were the major factors to reduce the life expectancy of residents at disease surveillance points of Shaanxi province. Therefore, health education and health promotion should be conducted to reduce the incidences of chronic diseases and injuries