Abstract: Objective　The study was conducted to determine the mortality and primary causes of death for women of child-bearing age in Yuyao, Zhejiang province in recent years, in order to clarify the alteration of spectrum of diseases, providing evidence for preventive measures. Methods　Official annual reported statistics on deaths of women of child-bearing age from 2001 through 2007 were collected for analysis. Causes of death were classified according to ICD-10 codes, and demographic data were from the birth control statistics bureau. Chi-square test was used for comparison. Results　The mortality of women of child-bearing from 2001 through 2007 was 9.04/10sup4/sup; the top five causes of death constituted malignancies (49.14%), injury factors (27.29%), cardiovascular diseases (11.54%), urinary system diseases (3.01%), and digestive system diseases (1.87%). Digestive malignancies, reproductive malignancies, respiratory malignancies, blood malignancies, and malignancies of the central nervous system accounted altogether for 93.39% of the death of malignant tumors. Of all malignant tumors the top five predominant ones included liver cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and uterine cancer. The major injury factors constituted car accident and suicide, accounting for 87.20%. Conclusion　No significant decline was observed in the mortality of women of child-bearing age. An increase in the mortality as a result of malignancies, cardiovascular diseases and urinary system diseases has been shown compared to the previous period of time. Car accident injuries and suicide were the most common injury factors leading to the death of the 35-year-old group.