Abstract: ObjectiveTo identify the problems in AIDS prevention and control among mobile population. MethodsBy twostage stratified sampling, a total of 4009 people with different occupation among mobile population received a questionnaire survey, among them 115 received a indepth interview, and 147 staffs from relevant departments and organizations were interviewed to collect and summarize relevant information. ResultsThe problems in 14 fields existed in the AIDS prevention and control among mobile population, and the key problems in 4 fields were identified by logistic summary: the characteristics of mobile population, health education and intervention, interdepartment coordination, and resource allocation. ConclusionThe key problems in AIDS prevention and control among mobile population were identified, which provided the evidence to develop the prevention and control strategies in future.