Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection status and the risk factors among the populations in Lishui city. MethodsMulti-stage stratified random sampling was used to select the subjects in urban and rural areas, questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted and serum samples were collected among them, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to test serum sample. ResultsA total of 3286 residents were surveyed, including 1596 males and 1690 females with the average age of 43.700.68 years old (ranged from 1 to 96 years old). The standardized positive rate of HBsAg among the populations was 10.19%, but the difference of that between males (9.03%) and females (12.36%) was not significant (I/Isup2/sup=0.10，IP/I=0.750). The positive rate of HBsAg among the people aged5, 14, 60 and 60 years were 0.45%, 3.74%, 15.52% and 6.53% respectively. The positive rate of anti-HBs among the people aged5 years was highest (51.23 %), and that of the people aged 14 years was lowest (36.64%).The rate of HBV infection was statistically different(I/Isup2 /sup= 95.69，IP/I=0.000) between the people who had vaccinated hepatitis B vaccine (1.55%)and those who had not vaccinated (10.39%). The HBV infection rate among the people with the education level of primary school or below (9.65%) was higher than that among the people with the education level of middle school or above (3.87%). Sharing toothbrush and razor, cosmetic surgery, blood transfusion and blood donation were the risk factors of HBV infection. ConclusionThe infection rate of HBV was still high among the populations in Lishui, which could be declined by the vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine and the increasing of the anti-HBs positive rate. Interventions to the risk factors are the effective method to decline the HBV infection rate in populations.