Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among the population aged 1 to 59 years in Shangyu city and evaluate the efficacy of large-scale vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine. MethodsA total of 664 people were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling to conduct HBV sero-epidemiological survey. HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were detected by using ELISA. ResultsThe positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were 5.57%, 53.46% and 32.83% respectively among the population aged 1 to 59 years. The positive rate of HBsAg was only 1.37% among the people aged 1 to 14 years. Cosmetic surgery and frequent pedicure in public bathing spot were the risk factors for HBsAg positive. Dental surgeries, frequent shaving in barbershop were the risk factors for HBV infection. The rate of HBsAg carrier among the population declined by 47.80% (I/Isup2/sup =7.12, IP/I＜0.01) compared with the result of the sero-epidemiological survey in 1992. ConclusionThe vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine are the effective measure to control HBV infection among the population, which can increase the positive rate of anti-HBs, decrease the rate of HBsAg carrier and improve the herd immunity to HBV obviously.