Abstract: bjectiveTo investigate the vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine, HBV infection rate and the antibody-positive rate among the children to enter the kindergarten in the urban area of Lishui city, Zhejiang province, and provide the evidence for the improvement of the prevention and control of hepatitis B. MethodsDuring 2006-2008, peripheral blood samples were collected from 10 619 children (4052 in 2006, 4420 in 2007, 2147 in 2008) at the entrance physical examination to detect HBsAg and anti-HBs by using ELISA. The childrens vaccination records were reviewed to know their hepatitis B vaccination status. ResultsThe vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine among these children was 99%, and the overall positive rate of HBsAg was 0.56% with 0.71% for 2006, 0.52% for 2007 and 0.37% for 2008 respectively, indicating a decreasing trend (IP/I＞0.05). The overall positive rate of anti-HBs was 47.10% with 42.57% for 2006, 48.21% for 2007 and 53.38% for 2008 respectively, indicating an increasing trend (IP/I＜0.01). ConclusionThe vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine was high, HBV infection rate was low and anti-HBs positive rate increased year by year among the children to enter the kindergartens in Lishui city, which indicating that achievement had been made on the control and prevention of hepatitis B among the children in Lishui.