Abstract: ObjectiveTo explore the epidemic factors of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and provide the theoretical basis for the prevention and control of HFRS. MethodsIncidence data of HFRS in Ganyu county from 1991 to 2006 were classified and analyzed by the age, sex and occupation of the cases, geographic area and seasonality of the incidence, annual total precipitation, annual grain output and GDP per capita data, and host animal and vaccination history to reveal the epidemic factors of HFRS. ResultsThe incidence rate of HFRS had declined significantly since 1991, the cases among men, farmers and persons of 20 to 59 years old accounted for larger proportion of the total cases. Two incidence peaks were observed in spring and autumn during a year, and autumn peak was higher than spring peak. The geographic distribution of the disease indicated that most cases occurred in hill and mountain area, followed inland plain area and coastal area. Positive correlation existed between grain output and the incidence of HFRS, and negative correlation existed between GDP per capita and the incidence of HFRS. ConclusionMass vaccination for suitable population would play a decisive role for the control of HFRS.