Abstract: ObjectiveTo survey the hepatitis B serological status of children after hepatitis B vaccine was included in immunization program in Shihe district of Xinyang and evaluate the effect of hepatitis B vaccination. MethodsAccording to the sampling plan, 267 children aged 1-14 years old were selected randomly and blood samples were taken from them to detect HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc, and for HBsAg positive children, HBeAg and anti-Hbe were detected. ResultsThe positive rate of HBsAg of the children in Shihe District was 2.25%, the positive rate of anti-HBs was 89.14%, and the HBV infection rate was 28.84%. The difference for different age and gender groups had statistical significance. ConclusionAfter the implementation of hepatitis B immunization for 14 years in shihe District of Xinyang, about 90% of children in rural area developed antibody to hepatitis B, which could block the transmission of hepatitis B among children. The first dose of hepatitis B vaccine should be administrated to the newborn timely to block the perinatal transmission and reduce hepatitis B infection rata and prevalence rate.