Abstract: ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in Yongjia county from 2004 to 2008 and explore the factors related with the substantial increase of incidence of syphilis. MethodsData of syphilis cases in Yongjia county from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2008 were collected from national diseases reporting information system and analyzed by Excel and SPSS. ResultsDuring the 5 years, the incidence of syphilis in Yongjia county showed an increase trend. The early syphilis and latent syphilis cases accounted for 95.61%, but incidence of primary syphilis was the highest, accounting for 51.16%, and increased year by year. The major populations affected were farmer and farmer worker. Married people accounted for 77.35% of the cases; The primary transmission route was non-marital sexual contact. ConclusionIn Yongjia county, the incidence trend of syphilis was serious, so it is necessary to conduct health education and surveillance and take specific prevention measures in order to control the syphilis epidemic effectively.