Abstract: Objective To evaluate the awareness of AIDS-related knowledge and risk behaviors among intravenous drug users in Jianshui county, Yunnan province. Methods Questionnaire-based snowball tests were conducted to survey the intravenous drug users in conjunction with a complement investigation among a random sample in rehabilitation centers. 3-5 ml venous blood samples were collected for HIV and syphilis antibody detection. Results The awareness of AIDS-related knowledge was 92.5%. Recent needle-sharing intravenous injection of drugs was found in 27.2% users in the past six months. 29.8% used condoms whenever sexual activities were performed with a regular sex partner. 97.8% had received at least one intervention in last year. Conclusion The intervention project had given arise to remarkable favorable outcomes, contributing to noticeable improvement in the awareness of AIDS-related knowledge and proper behaviors among intravenous drug users after the implementation of the project.