Abstract: Objective To understand the distribution of virulence genes of Escherichia coli (E.coli) from different sources and the relationship with the drug resistance. Methods PCR was applied to amplify virulence genes of papC, sfa / foc, afa / dra, hly, cnf1, iutA, aer, fimH, kpsMT Ⅱ and fyuA in 188 E.coli strains isolated from different samples of hospitalized patients in our hospital from 2003 to 2008. VITEK-60 AMS was used to test susceptibility of E.coli to common used antibiotics. Results The detection rate virulence genes iutA and fyuA was more than 50%. The difference on the detection rate of aer and fimH in different samples was statistical significant (P＜0.05). The resistance to ampicillin was related with virulence gene aer (P＜0.05); Additionally, the resistance to quinolone (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin) was related with iutA (P＜0.05), the resistance to cefazolin was related with afa / dra, the resistance to gentamicin was related with aer, the resistance to cotrimoxazole was related with sfa / foc, iutA, aer, the resistance to ceftazidime was related with sfa/foc, iutA, and the resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam was related with aer (P＜0.05). Conclusion The distribution of virulence genes of E.coli varied by different samples. Some virulence genes were related with drug resistance of E.coli, close attention should paid on it.