Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of injury in urban and rural areas under surveillance in Sichuan. Methods The survey was conducted among the patients diagnosed as injury in the first medical care seeking in sentinel hospitals from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2009 to understand the distribution and pattern of injury incidence. Results Injury occurred in all age groups and both in males and in females. The mostly affected people were young males aged 25-44 years old. The time of incidence peak of injury in urban area differed with that in rural area. In Qingyang district of Chengdu, the case numbers and proportions of traffic accident, blunt injury and self-harm/suicide declined by years, but the case number and proportion of animal bite increased by years, The proportion of self-harm/suicide of women in Miyi county declined by years too. Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics and trend of injury differed between urban area and rural area in surveillance area in Sichuan, which is with significance to guide the development of prevention and control measures.