Abstract: Objective To Investigate the risk factors of human brucellosis in the area with high incidence of the disease. Methods The epidemiological questionnaire survey of brucellosis was conducted among high risk population randomly sampled and a case control study was conducted in 2008. Results Totally 2459 people were surveyed, and 7 brucellosis cases were detected, the incidence was 284.66/lakh; the infection rate in livestock raisers was much higher than that in other people; the result of single factor analysis indicated that the risk factors of human Brucella infection in Meilisi included the number of raised sheep or goat, number of limbs, number of sheep/goat abortion, number of sheep/goat raised indoors, grazing, delivering lambs, cleaning livestock manure, assisting livestock vaccination, peeling, eating sick livestock, holding lamb or calf in the arm. Conclusion Sick sheep/goat was the major infection source of Brucella infection in human in Meilisi, followed by sick cattle. It is necessary to strengthen quarantine, vaccination of livestock, eliminate sick livestock, promote raising in a pen and conduct health education to reduce the incidence of human brucellosis.