Abstract: Objective To understand the epidemic trend of notifiable communicable diseases in Hainan prefecture. Methods The analysis was conducted on the incidence data of notifiable communicable diseases from 2004 to 2009 in Hainan which were collected from national disease reporting information system. Results The average annual morbidity rate of communicable diseases was 650.63/lakh, and the average annual mortality rate was 0.54/lakh. The priority diseases with high morbidity rates were viral hepatitis (243.53/lakh), pulmonary tuberculosis (96.26/lakh) and syphilis (56.80/lakh). Conclusion Viral hepatitis and other blood borne diseases, syphilis and other sexual transmitted diseases as well as pulmonary tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases were the major diseases to threaten people's health mostly in Hainan prefecture, and more efforts should be made to prevent and control these diseases.