Abstract: Objective To understand the leading death causes in the local residents in Xaingyun county and provide evidence for the prevention and control of disease. Methods By using local death cause registering system, the statistical analysis was conducted on the death cause data in Xiangyun in 2010 with SPSS software, 16.0. Results A total of 2759 deaths were reported in 2010 with the annual average mortality of 6.02. The death number was 1648 for males (7.05) and 1111 for females (4.94). The mortality in males was 1.4 times higher than that in females, the difference was statistical significant (P﹤0.05). Up to 2001 deaths occurred in people aged ＞60 years, accounting for 72.53% of the total. The first 4 death causes were circulatory system disease, respiratory system disease, accidental injury/poisoning, malignant tumor, which caused 2384 deaths (86.41%). Conclusion Chronic non-communicable disease is the major risk factor to local peoples health.