Abstract: Objective To understand the characteristics of measles cases associated with the immunization of measles and rubella (MR) combine vaccine and provide evidence for differential diagnosis of measles and MR vaccine associated measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of MR vaccine associated measles in Fengtai in 2011. Results Seven MR vaccine associated measles cases were laboratory confirmed in 2011. All the cases were infants aged 8-9 months receving the first dose of MR vaccine injection. All the vaccines used were qualified and in different batches. The incidence was 2.5 per 10 000 doses. No time and space clustering of the cases was observed, and no second cases occurred. The clinical manifestations of the cases were characterized by respiratory symptom and short interval between fever and rash. Conclusion There are differences in clinical manifestations, laboratory detection results and epidemiological characteristics between measles cases and MR vaccine associated measles cases. Close attention should be paid in differential diagnosis.