Abstract: Objective To understand the incidences of febrile respiratory illness and pneumonia in Changzhou and provide evidence for the control of respiratory communicable diseases. Methods The analyze was conducted on the surveillance data of febrile respiratory illness and pneumonia in Changzhou and in other southern provinces from 2010 to 2011. Results A total of 45 635 cases of febrile respiratory illness, accounting for 2.18% of total outpatient visits, were reported in 3 sentinel hospitals in Changzhou during this period, and 7281 cases were diagnosed with pneumonia, accounting for 15.95% of total febrile cases. The proportion of pneumonia cases in febrile cases in 2010 was significantly higher than that in 2011 (F=13.225,P0.05). Positive correlation existed between febrile cases and pneumonia cases (r=0.251, P0.05). The proportions of febrile cases in outpatient and emergency departments of Changzhou were lower than those in other southern provinces, the differences were statistically significant. (t=8.937,P0.05; t=10.655,P0.05). Conclusion The surveillance of febrile respiratory illness and pneumonia is a long-term and consecutive work and should be integrated into the surveillance system for influenza and public health emergency.