Abstract: Objective To analyze the clinical and bacterial characteristics of intracranial infection caused by Sphingomonas paucimobilis and understand the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. paucimobilis and its possible mechanism of aminoglycoside resistance. Methods The identification and drug susceptibility test of the isolates were performed by using BD Phoenix 100 species identification system and 10 aminoglycoside-resistance genes were detected by using PCR amplification. Results The identification results indicated that all the pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid samples of a patient on three occasions were S. paucimobilis, which were resistant to aminoglycosides and most cephalosporins. PCR amplification results of the 8 aminoglycoside-resistance genes from the strains were all negative. Conclusion S. paucimobilis has acquired resistance to aminoglycosides, and the resistance mechanism should be clarified. Meanwhile, more attention should be paid to the resistance evolution of conditional pathogenic bacteria.