Abstract: Objective To evaluate the immunological effect and safety of hepatitis B vaccine in general population. Methods Totally 3178 adult aged 16 to 49 years were selected to administer 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine (10 g). The first blood samples were taken while the first hepatitis B vaccine was given, the second blood samples were taken 1 month after the completion of the series vaccination. All the blood samples were detected for hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HbsAg), antibody to hepatitis B virus surface antigen (anti-HBs) and antibody to hepatitis B virus core antigen (anti-HBc) by using chemiluminescence assay. Results For the people who were anti-HBs negative before vaccination, the positive conversion rate was 97.68%, the age specific differences were statistical significant (2=17.28,P=0.001). The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-HBs was 1123.31 mIU/ml. For the people who were anti-HBs positive, the GMC of anti-HBs were 63.32 mIU/ml and 9415.59 mIU/ml before and after vaccination, the difference was statistical significant (t=71.141, P=0.00). Conclusion The short term effect of hepatitis B vaccine immunization is good in general population, but the long term effect needs further observation.