Abstract: Objective To understand the incidence pattern of serious rare adverse reaction(SRAR) in Fengtai district, Beijing, and evaluate the safety of vaccines and the quality of immunization services. Methods The incidence data of SRAR in Fengtai from 2008 to 2011 were collected through national immunization surveillance system to conduct descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results The reported incidences of serious AEFI and SRAR were 4.41/ million doses and 2.32/million doses, respectively. The SRAR incidence in males was higher than in females. Six categories of vaccine were involved. Up to 70% of SRAR occurred following the first dose vaccination, and the intervals between onset and reporting of 50% of SRAR were >1 day. All the adverse reaction cases had good prognosis without sequelae except polio vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis. Conclusion The analysis indicated that both the safety of vaccines and the quality of immunization services were satisfactory in Fengtai, but it is still necessary for vaccination providers to conduct health counsel and examination before immunization, standardize the vaccination practice and give follow up after immunization to reduce serious AEFI.