Abstract: Objective To understand the awareness of AIDS knowledge and related factors, prevalence of risk behaviors and infection status of HIV, syphilis and HCV among floating population in Shaoxing, Zhejiang province, and provide evidence for the development of local AIDS prevention and control strategies. Methods According to the national AIDS sentinel surveillance protocol (2012 edition), the questionnaire survey and serological detection were conducted among floating population in Yuecheng, Zhuji and Shangyu. Results Totally 1200 people were surveyed and blood samples were collected from them in 2012. The HIV, syphilis and HCV positive rates were 0.08%, 0.17% and 0.83%, respectively; the awareness rate of AIDS was 88.92%, but the awareness rate of "whether mosquito can transmit HIV or not" was only 68.58%, the proportion of those having sex with regular partners, commercial sex and sex with temporary partners during the past year was 10.60%, 25.35% and 31.58% respectively. The awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was low among those who were older, had short residence time in Shaoxing and had less condom use. Conclusion The awareness rate of the non-transmission route of AIDS and the prevalence of protected sex were low among the floating population in Shaoxing. Age and residence time were the key factors which influenced the awareness of AIDS knowledge among the floating population in Shaoxing.