Abstract: Streptomycin is traditionally considered as the most effective antibiotic for plague treatment. However, due to its serious toxic effects, classic plague treatment faces with great challenge. This paper summaries the progress in the research on the antibiotic resistance in the treatment of plague, the antibiotic resistant mechanism of Yersinia pestis, the efficiency of different antibiotics in the treatment of experimental infected animals, the application of new antibiotics in plague treatment and the importance of Yersinia pestis antibiotic resistant surveillance.