Abstract: Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, post-exposure treatment, animal carrying the rabies virus and immunization. Methods Collecting and analyzing the data from five surveillance sites in Anhui province from 2005 to 2012. Results The number of population exposed to rabies increased year by year with more male than female. Dog was the main attacking animal. The level Ⅱ and Ⅲ were the main exposure level. The 81.8 percent of population selected to be deal with the wound and 88.9 percent of population selected post-exposure vaccinations in rabies-clinics, but only 3.2 percent of population received passive immunization. Dogs and cats had a low rate of immunization. Rabies virus positive rate in dogs was increasing year by year since 2008. Conclusion Treatment correctly of the wound and improving the rate of post-exposure vaccination, especially passive immunization after the Ⅲ exposure. Strengthen the management of dogs and reduce the rabies exposure.