2012年中国大陆地区细菌性痢疾疫情特点与监测结果分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2014, 29(7): 528-532. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2014.07.006
引用本文: 2012年中国大陆地区细菌性痢疾疫情特点与监测结果分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2014, 29(7): 528-532. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2014.07.006
Surveillance for bacillary dysentery in China, 2012[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2014, 29(7): 528-532. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2014.07.006
Citation: Surveillance for bacillary dysentery in China, 2012[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2014, 29(7): 528-532. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2014.07.006

2012年中国大陆地区细菌性痢疾疫情特点与监测结果分析

Surveillance for bacillary dysentery in China, 2012

  • 摘要: 目的 对2012年我国(未包括香港、澳门和台湾地区,以下同)细菌性痢疾(菌痢)疫情及监测结果进行分析,掌握疫情态势,了解不同地区菌型及菌株耐药情况,为菌痢的预防控制提供依据。 方法 采用描述流行病学方法对2012年细菌性痢疾疫情及国家监测点上报的数据进行统计分析。 结果 2012年发病率(15.29/10万)较 2011年下降13.22%。6岁及65岁人群发病率高于全国平均水平,其中0岁组婴幼儿发病率最高(215.02/10万),其次为1岁组婴幼儿(99.83/10万)。菌痢发病呈明显的季节性,4月病例数开始上升,6-9月达高峰。2012年报告的12起菌痢暴发疫情11起发生在学校;5起为食源性传播,4起为水源性传播;10起疫情经实验室确诊,其中8起由宋内志贺菌引起。2012年国家级监测点病原监测结果显示:以福氏志贺菌为主(69.93%),未分离到痢疾志贺菌和鲍氏志贺菌。福氏志贺菌以福氏2a为主(53.33%)。菌型分布存在地区差异。分离到的志贺菌株耐药较为普遍,不同地区菌株耐药性存在差异。 结论 2012年全国菌痢发病率延续1999-2011年的下降趋势,5岁以下儿童尤其是0岁组儿童发病率高,需要引起关注。随着耐药菌株增多及流行菌株的变迁,细菌性痢疾的防控形势依然严峻。

     

    Abstract: Objective To understand the epidemic pattern of bacillary dysentery and the serotypes as well as drug resistance of pathogens in China in 2012, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of the bacillary dysentery. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the surveillance data of bacillary dysentery collected from national disease reporting information system and national bacillary dysentery surveillance areas. Results In 2012, the morbidity of bacillary dysentery (15.29/lakh) decreased by 13.22% compared with 2011.The morbidity in people aged6 years and65 years was higher than the national average level. The cases in age group5 years accounted for 32.99% of the total. The morbidity was highest in age group1 year (215.02/lakh), followed by age group 1 year (99.83/lakh). The incidence of bacillary dysentery had obvious seasonality and the case number began to increase in April and peaked during June-September. A total of 12 bacillary dysentery outbreaks were reported in 2012, in which 11 occurred in school, 4 were waterborne outbreaks and 5 were foodborne outbreaks. Among 10 laboratory confirmed outbreaks, 8 were caused by Shigella sonnei (D group). The data from the 20 surveillance areas showed that the major pathogens were Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei, accounting for 69.93% and 30.07% respectively. S. flexneri 2a was most frequently isolated. No Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella boydii were isolated. The distribution of pathogens varied by areas. Most Shigella strains isolated were drug resistant and the drug resistance of the strains varied by areas too. Conclusion The morbidity of bacillary dysentery in China continued to decline in 2012. but the morbidity in children aged5 years, especially the infants less than 1 year old, was still high. Close attention should be paid to it. The prevention and control of bacillary dysentery still face serious challenge due to the development of pathogens' drug resistance and change of circulating strains.

     

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